Mizo Trawng: Zofate Suihkhawmtu (Mizo as a link language)

Mizo Trawng: Zofate Suihkhawmtu (Mizo as a link language)

By: L. Keivom

Saptrawnga ka buatsaih seminar paper chu phek 8 a ni a, a thupuia ka hman pawh ‘Mizo as a link language’ tih a ni. Hun a chep êm avangin Saptrawnga ka ziah chu ka chhiar dawn lo a, in kawpi threuh kha in lamah hawn ula, in remchan hunah, hun lo la kal zela kan hnam dinhmun tur rilru leh thlaraua dawnkhawl reng chunga in chhiar ka duh a, chumi tur chuan ka sawm bawk che u a ni.

Tuna Zotrawnga ka sawi tur erawh hi chu a laktawi, Zofate ngaihthlak tur chi a ni a, a tawi na a, keimahni tan chuan thu a fun hnem zawk mai thei. Vantlang hmaa chhungkaw thil sawi hi Saptrawnga sawi nuam vak lo chi leh Zotrawnga sawi chi a awm a. Chuvangin, Zotrawnga a thupui ka dah pawh hi English version nen chuan a inpersan fe a ni.

A hmasain, ‘Mizo trawng’ kan tih tâk hi sawi fiah a ngai. Kum 1900 bawr laia British India sawrkarin ram pum huapa Linguistic survey an tih lai khan ‘Mizo trawng’ kan tih hi a la piang lo. Duhlian trawng hmangtute zinga hnam khatin zawi zawia tun Mizoram chhungah lalna an rawn luah hnuin, Duhlian trawng leh Zo hnahthlak hnam hrang hrang trawng chawhpawlh an rawn hmang a, chu chu an hnam hming chawiin ‘Lusei trawng’ an ti a, an lalna huam chhung leh a chhehvelah kum rei lo te chhungin trawng tualleng ber leh a ram trawng a rawn ni chho a. Ram hrang hranga awm Zo hnahthlak hnam hrang hrangte pawhin zir leh hriat awlsam kan tih tlàn ber, min suihzawmtu trawng tualleng ber, link language a lo ni ta a ni. Kan hriat tur chu, ‘Mizo trawng’ tih hi trawng a awm ngai lo. Zofate min suihzawmtu a rawn nih tak avangin, hemi trawng hi ‘Mizo’ intite zinga hnam pakhat ringawt trawng a nih tawh lohzia sawi nan kum 1972 khan Lusei (Lushai) Vernacular tih thrin kha ‘Mizo Vernacular’ tih a thlak a ni a. Tin, Mizoram Legislative Assembly-in kum 1974-a Official Language Act a siam, kum 1987-a hman tran kha, dan anga ‘Mizo trawng’ a pian hmasakna ber a ni mai thei. Chuvangin, ‘Mizo trawng’ kan tih hi ‘linguistic term’ ni loin ‘ethnic political terminology’ a ni zawk. Chu pawh chu ‘Ethnic-politics terminology’ ti ila, a dik zawk mai thei.

‘Mizo trawng tih trawng a awm ngai lo’ kan tih hian mi threnkhat tan chuan trêka den ang tluk a ni mai thei. Mahse, thil maka lak tur a ni lo; thil awm thrin reng a ni. Entir nan, ‘Italian’ tih hi hmang ta ila. Kum 1870 hma khan ‘Italian trawng’ kan tih hi a la awm ngai lo. Khami hmaa heng lai leh a chhehvel ram- Spain, Portugal, France, Romania vel, abikin Roman Empire huam chhunga an trawng tualleng ber chu Latin trawng a ni. Mahse, Holy Roman Empire a tluk chhiat rualin Italy ram chu a keh sawm vek a, tlang tin mai chu lal hrang hrang awpna hnuaiah independent republic angin an awm hrang a, chumi rual chuan Latin trawng denchhena hmangin trawng hrang hrang a lo piang a. Kum 1870-a an hui khawm leh khan Latin trawng hmang an awm tawh lo a, a ram trawnga hman tur trawng tualleng pakhat mah a awm bawk lo. Mahse, Tuscany State, abikin an khawpui Florence kha thu leh hla leh arts chi hrang hranga mi thiam chungchuanga sawi ho tlan khawmna, an literechar hmunpui a ni. Italy ram pumah Tuscanian trawng hmang chu mihring 2.8% vel lek an ni. Mahse, chumi trawng chu an ram trawng hrang hrang zinga hmasawn ber a nih tlat avangin a ram pum trawng atan an Parliament hmasa ber chuan a pawm a, kum tlem te chhungin, Tuscanian dialect atrang chuan ‘Italian’ kan tih hi a lo piang ta a ni. Italian lo pian dan leh Mizo trawng lo pian dan hi engemaw chenah a inzawl hle.

A dawtah, ‘link language’ tih hi sawi fiah tum leh ila. Tam tak chuan trawng lo chhuahna bul, trawng hnârpui emaw trobul, root language ni turah an ngai mai thei. Mahse a ni lo. Sanskrit atrangin trawng tam tak a peng darh a. India Danpui Schedule 8-ah chuan national & regional language-a pawm 22 a awm tawh a, chung zinga a tam ber chu Sanskrit atranga zawi zawia lo chhawr chhuak an ni. Chumi zinga tualleng ber chu Hindi a ni a, Sorkar Laipui trawng a ni. Sanskrit chu ni tin khawsakna nen inzawma trawng kan hman ni tawh lovin, ‘trawng thi’ an tih ang chi, mahse la nung reng si, root language a ni. Hindi hi Sanskrit atranga trawng chawr chhuak tam tak zinga pakhat, India rama mihring 40% aia tamin trawng tuallenga an hman, sorkar laipuiin Saptrawng nena pisa trawnga a hman kawp, India suihkhawmtu trawng tualleng, link language a ni. A tawi zawngin, Sanskrit chu trawng hnarpui, root language a ni a, Hindi chu trawng tualleng, lingua franca, link language a ni. Chutiang bawkin, Mizo trawng kan tih tak hi Sanskrit anga root language ni loin, Hindi anga link language, Zo hnahthlakte zinga trawng tualleng ber, kan lingua franca, min suihkhawmtu trawng a ni. Tunah khawvel suihkhawmtu trawng, link language awm chhun chu English a ni.

Hemi nena inzawm hian, kum 2005-a mual liam ta, ka thrianpa Dr. Vumson-a thu ziak, ZO HISTORY-a mi han tarlang ila: “Of all Zo dialects, the Lusei or Duhlian dialect is the most widely spoken. It is the common language in West Zoram, and it is spoken by almost all Zo people in Manipur and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The Hualngo and Lusei dialects are the same. It was said the Sailo chief Lallula encouraged use of the Duhlian dialect by all his subjects, and since then it has been used successfully as a common language by the Lusei. Today more than half of the Zo people use the Lusei dialect. Haka or Lai, Falam or Laizo, and Tedim or Paihte dialects are very similar to the Lusei dialect- so much so that in conversing each group uses its own dialect. The best example is seen in Tahan where all Zo tribes live together as neighbours. Therefore, if there should be a common language for the Zo people, the Lusei dialect is the ultimate choice” (p. 20-21).

Link language a lo nih chhan

Hei hi a chhan tam tak zinga pawimawh bika ka ngaih pahnih chauh sawi ila. Pakhatna chu inthurualna rah a ni. Zo hnahthlak hnam hrang hrang zinga Chin Hills-a khawsa leh chumi atranga thlang tlate zinga inthurual thiam leh rorel thiam bik chu Lusei hnam an ni a, anniho zingah pawh Lusei saphun, Zahmuaka thlah ami Sailoho an ni lehzual. Pawih ral lo hrâng thla tura an ngaih laka inven him nan Selesih-ah Sailo lal pariat an inchhung khawm a, Zofate histawri thar an ziak a, chu chuan kum zahnih sawmnga vel hnuah Mizo hnam, Mizo trawng leh Mizoram a hring chhuak ta a ni. British Kumpinu sawrkarin kum sawmnga chuang min awp beh hma pawhin Mizoram chu trawng khat hmang ramah an lo siam hman daih tawh a ni. Hei hi an inthurualna leh rorel an thiamna rah chhuah liau liau a ni.

Pahnihna, khuanu remruat vang a ni. Hei hi puithiam trawngka a ang hle a, mahse lungpui hi lung a ni tih tluka thudik a ni. Pathian chuan a thil siam tawh sa hmanruaa hmangin thil a ti thrin a. Trawng hi Pathian min pek emaw ti pawl kan awm laiin, Pathianin trawng a nei lo a; tu mihring trawng mah a hmang ngai lo. Mi rilru-ah thu a sawi a, a thu sawi chu mahni trawng hman threuhin kan letling a, kan puang chhuak thrin a ni. Kan ngaihtuahnaa thil awm emaw, mita kan hmuh, benga kan hriat leh a taka kan khawih thilte chu ri hmanga sawi leh puan chhuah dan kan zir a, chumi ri lo chhuak chu trawng kan tih hi a ni. Ngaihtuahna leh thiltihah a hmangtute an thran chak poh leh trawng chu a thrang chak mai a ni. Trawng hi mihring din chhuah a nih avangin, a hmangtute dung aia sangin emaw, an hlam aia seiin emaw a thrang thei lo.

British-India sorkarin mi rawn rûn khan hman tlak leh hman khawp Sailo lalho chuan trawng an lo din chhuah tawh avangin, chumi trawng chu rorelna trawngah an rawn hmang zui a. Chumi rual chuan misawnari an lo chhuak a, Chanchin Thra theh darhna hmanrua-ah an rawn hmang a, Bengali hawrawp aiin Roman hawrop hman thrain an hria a, A AW B an siam a, Saptrawng bakah lehkha zirna lehkhabu zawng zawngah an rawn hmang a. Pathian trawng ang thawthanga ngaiin, pastor, tirkoh leh thuhriltu rêng rêngin Zo hnahthlak trawng hrang hranga thu an sawi lai pawh, Baibul chang an sawi dawn emaw an trawngtrai dawn chuan Lusei trawng kherin an sawi thrin. Serh leh sang rêng rĕng Lusei trawng veka tih a ni a, chutianga ti lo rawngbawltu chuan zilh a hlawh thrin. Trawng danga hla phuah thleng an khap titih a, hla phuah thiam Rev. Thangngura pawh kha chumi avanga vauna leh hmai sa tawk fo tawh a ni. Chuvangin, Mizoram pawna chanchin thra a luhna apiangah Lusei trawng leh thu leh hlain a zui lut a, Kristian sakhaw thil leh Lusei trawng chu tangka hmai hnih ang an ni. Hei hi Lusei trawng a thrat bik vang emaw leh a thuk bik vang ni loin, gospel theh darhna hmanruaa hman tlak khawpa a trawng hmangtuten an duan chhuah vang leh an ngaihhlut vang ni berin a lang.

Zo hnahthlak hi kan zavaiin lakh 30-50 inkar kan nih a rinawm a, chumi zinga hmun thuma threna hmun khat chuan Duhlian trawng hi an thiam a rinawm a, hmun khat dang chuan an hriat a rinawm bawk. Hmun khat dang leh chuan hre miah loh pawh ni se, a hmangtute zingah thla thum atranga thla ruk vel khawsa se, an trawng theih hman a rinawm bawk. Chu chu trawng dang nena a danglamna a ni. Tuna Hmar trawng kan tih, khami hmaa Khawchhak trawng an tih hi Lusei trawng leh Hmar hnahthlak trawng hrang inchawhpawlh atranga 1800 vel hnua trawng thar lo piang niin a lang a. Hmar hnahthlak, Old Kuki zinga hnam hrang hrang chengho hi Hmar trawng hmannaah dah ila, thlaa thum vel chhungin an thiam thuai mai a ni. Chu chuan ‘link language’ kan tih hi engemaw chenah a sawi fiah hle awm e. Link language kan tih te hi engemaw vanga khuanun hun leh hmun khan thraa a dah, histawri kawng thruampuia ding an ni duh khawp mai.

Puan in zauh a ngai

Tunah chuan, khuanun khàn thraa a dah ni mai awm Duhlian trawng, a làr vanga promotion vawi hnih hial hmu tawh hi Zo hnahthlak trawng dang chuan han ûm phak mai rual a ni tawh lo. Chuvangin, thikthu tihchhiat a, a chawmtu hnâr sih chah tuma tran lak hi bansan a hun tawh. Trawng reng reng chu a chawmtu hnar a tam poh leh a hausa a, a hmantlak mai a ni. Zo hnahthlak trawng hrang hrang hi a thran chak poh leh Zotrong piang mek pawh hi a thrang chak ang a, kan chimral vek chuan lo nuin a kiam deuh deuh ang a, hnam dang trawng kan lak luhte chuan a tawpah Zofate Tuipui Thiin a chim pil mai dawn a ni. Chuvangin, rilru zimte pua Mizo trawng hmangaihtu intihte hi a thlan laitu kan ni lo ang tih tunge sawi thei? Khawvela trawng khat hmang hnam hlawm khat zingah a tam ber pawl kan nih hi hre rengin, kan hmathlir hi i tizau ang u. Link language dinhmuna awm, a hnua ni tawh lo khawvel histawri-ah hian hmuh tur a tam em em. Khawvela hnam induh ber ni mai thei, Israela thlahte chuan rùnpui an tawk thrin a, an tawh hmasak ber chuan hnam sawm, an trawng nen an mang thrak a. An tawh vawi hnihna, Babulon sala tangho chu a thren a zar an ramah an lo kir leh a, mahse an Hebrai trawng aiin Aramik trawng an hmang tawh zawk a ni. An tawh vawi thumnaah chuan zaa sawmkua (90%) chuangin Yiddish an hmang tawh a, kum 1948-a Israel ram an din leh khan Hebrai trawng denchhena hmangin Hebrai trawng thar an duan chhuah a lo ngai ta hial a ni. Chuvangin, Mizo trawng kan tih hi link language ni zui zel tura kan duh chuan kan puan in kan zauh a ngai ang.

Enge kan tih tak ang le?

Link language a nih zui zel nan enge kan tih tak ang? Hei hi zawhna pawimawh leh chhan harsat zet mai a ni, chhang thiam tura kan inpuahchah a ngai. Thla thum lek misawnari hmasaten min chen chilh hnua an hawrawp siam, thlak danglam loa kan la hman rengte hi chhuan tur a ni lo. Mit thar leh beng thara kan thlir nawn leh ngaihtuah a ngai. Trawng ziarang kalhmanga kan hawrawp hman dan leh thluk chhinchhiahna kim zawk kan duan chhuah a ngai. Zo hnahthlak trawng hrang hranga thumal pawimawh tak tak hum kan duh chuan Zo Diksawnari chhenfakawm, trawng tina mi lak khawm, volume 10 vel tal kan buatsaih a ngai. Chu chu kan tih rualin, 1900 vela Linguistic survey an tih aia nasa zawka kan hnam rothil hlu tak tak humhalh nan Cultural Mapping kan tih a ngai. Tin, khawvel ram hrang hrangin Language Regulator an nei a, a hmang thiamte chuan trangkai takin an hmang a. Keini pawhin chutiang language regulator emaw academy chu kan neih ve a trul tawh em tihte hi kan ngaihtuah a ngai.

Note: Buatsaihtuten Seminar paper hi Saptrawnga ziak tura an tih avangin chutiang chuan ka ziak a. Mahse, Aizawl pana ka chhuah dawn trêpin Mizo trawnga sawi tura mi rawn hrilh avangin, hemi seminar paper hi hmanhmawh phelenga ka buatsaih, Aizawl ka thlen hnua ka zawh hman hram a ni a. Chuvangin, research paper angin a kal lo a, reference pawh dah a ni hek lo. A English version-ah reference note zawng zawng a awm e, thil dang dang nen. LK